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Skin Disorder

Skin Disorder

Many conditions affect the human integumentary system—the organ system covering the entire surface of the body and composed of skinhairnails, and related muscle and glands.[1] The major function of this system is as a barrier against the external environment.[2] The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square meters, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermisdermis, and subcutaneous tissue.[1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin.[3] Within the latter type, the hairs occur in structures called pilosebaceous units, each with hair folliclesebaceous gland, and associated arrector pili muscle.[4] In the embryo, the epidermis, hair, and glands form from the ectoderm, which is chemically influenced by the underlying mesoderm that forms the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.[5][6][7]

The epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin, a squamous epithelium with several strata: the stratum corneumstratum lucidumstratum granulosumstratum spinosum, and stratum basale.[8] Nourishment is provided to these layers by diffusion from the dermis, since the epidermis is without direct blood supply. The epidermis contains four cell types: keratinocytesmelanocytesLangerhans cells, and Merkel cells. Of these, keratinocytes are the major component, constituting roughly 95 percent of the epidermis.[3] This stratified squamous epithelium is maintained by cell division within the stratum basale, in which differentiating cells slowly displace outwards through the stratum spinosum to the stratum corneum, where cells are continually shed from the surface.[3] In normal skin, the rate of production equals the rate of loss; about two weeks are needed for a cell to migrate from the basal cell layer to the top of the granular cell layer, and an additional two weeks to cross the stratum corneum.[9]

The dermis is the layer of skin between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue, and comprises two sections, the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis.[10] The superficial papillary dermis interdigitates with the overlying rete ridges of the epidermis, between which the two layers interact through the basement membrane zone.[10] Structural components of the dermis are collagenelastic fibers, and ground substance.[10] Within these components are the pilosebaceous units, arrector pili muscles, and the eccrine and apocrine glands.[8] The dermis contains two vascular networks that run parallel to the skin surface—one superficial and one deep plexus—which are connected by vertical communicating vessels.[8][11] The function of blood vessels within the dermis is fourfold: to supply nutrition, to regulate temperature, to modulate inflammation, and to participate in wound healing.[12][13]

The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat between the dermis and underlying fascia.[14] This tissue may be further divided into two components, the actual fatty layer, or panniculus adiposus, and a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus.[3] The main cellular component of this tissue is the adipocyte, or fat cell.[14] The structure of this tissue is composed of septal (i.e. linear strands) and lobular compartments, which differ in microscopic appearance.[8] Functionally, the subcutaneous fat insulates the body, absorbs trauma, and serves as a reserve energy source.[14]

Conditions of the human integumentary system constitute a broad spectrum of diseases, also known as dermatoses, as well as many nonpathologic states (like, in certain circumstances, melanonychia and racquet nails).[15][16] While only a small number of skin diseases account for most visits to the physician, thousands of skin conditions have been described.

Manufacturer: Square Pharmaceuticals
IndicationsFor the treatment of viral infections due to herpes simplex virus (type I & II) and varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster & chickenpox). For the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes including initial and recurrent genital herpes. For the pr..
৳ 141.00/=
Ex Tax:৳ 141.00/=
Manufacturer: Square Pharmaceuticals
IndicationsFor the treatment of viral infections due to herpes simplex virus (type I & II) and varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster & chickenpox). For the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes including initial and recurrent genital herpes. For the pr..
৳ 125.85/=
Ex Tax:৳ 125.85/=
Manufacturer: Square Pharmaceuticals
IndicationsFor the treatment of viral infections due to herpes simplex virus (type I & II) and varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster & chickenpox). For the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes including initial and recurrent genital herpes. For the pr..
৳ 221.45/=
Ex Tax:৳ 221.45/=
Manufacturer: Square Pharmaceuticals
IndicationsFor the treatment of viral infections due to herpes simplex virus (type I & II) and varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster & chickenpox). For the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes including initial and recurrent genital herpes. For the pr..
৳ 70.00/=
Ex Tax:৳ 70.00/=
Manufacturer: Square Pharmaceuticals
IndicationsFor the treatment of viral infections due to herpes simplex virus (type I & II) and varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster & chickenpox). For the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes including initial and recurrent genital herpes. For the pr..
৳ 702.11/=
Ex Tax:৳ 702.11/=
Manufacturer: Square Pharmaceuticals
IndicationsFor the treatment of viral infections due to herpes simplex virus (type I & II) and varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster & chickenpox). For the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes including initial and recurrent genital herpes. For the pr..
৳ 70.00/=
Ex Tax:৳ 70.00/=
Manufacturer: Unimed Unihealth
Indications Tacrolimus ointment is indicated for short-term and intermittent long-term therapy in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in whom the use of alternative, conventional therapies are deemed inadvisable because of potential risks, or in the treatment of patie..
৳ 1,000.00/=
Ex Tax:৳ 1,000.00/=
Manufacturer: Square Pharmaceuticals
IndicationsTerbinafine cream is indicated for the treatment of the following dermatological infections: interdigital tinea pedis (Athlete’s foot), tinea cruris (jock itch) or tinea corporis (ring worm) due to susceptible organisms and planter tinea pedis (mocasin type) due to Trichophyton spp.T..
৳ 80.00/=
Ex Tax:৳ 80.00/=
Manufacturer: Square Pharmaceuticals
IndicationsTerbinafine cream is indicated for the treatment of the following dermatological infections: interdigital tinea pedis (Athlete’s foot), tinea cruris (jock itch) or tinea corporis (ring worm) due to susceptible organisms and planter tinea pedis (mocasin type) due to Trichophyton spp.T..
৳ 480.07/=
Ex Tax:৳ 480.07/=
IndicationsFor the treatment of viral infections due to herpes simplex virus (type I & II) and varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster & chickenpox). For the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes including initial and recurrent genital herpes. For the pr..
৳ 140.00/=
Ex Tax:৳ 140.00/=
IndicationsFor the treatment of viral infections due to herpes simplex virus (type I & II) and varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster & chickenpox). For the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes including initial and recurrent genital herpes. For the pr..
৳ 125.00/=
Ex Tax:৳ 125.00/=
IndicationsFor the treatment of viral infections due to herpes simplex virus (type I & II) and varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster & chickenpox). For the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes including initial and recurrent genital herpes. For the pr..
৳ 400.00/=
Ex Tax:৳ 400.00/=
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